Integrand size = 24, antiderivative size = 328 \[ \int \frac {(e x)^{-1+2 n}}{a+b \sec \left (c+d x^n\right )} \, dx=\frac {(e x)^{2 n}}{2 a e n}+\frac {i b x^{-n} (e x)^{2 n} \log \left (1+\frac {a e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{b-\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d e n}-\frac {i b x^{-n} (e x)^{2 n} \log \left (1+\frac {a e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{b+\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d e n}+\frac {b x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n} \operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,-\frac {a e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{b-\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d^2 e n}-\frac {b x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n} \operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,-\frac {a e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{b+\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d^2 e n} \]
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Time = 0.73 (sec) , antiderivative size = 328, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 12, number of rules used = 8, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.333, Rules used = {4293, 4289, 4276, 3402, 2296, 2221, 2317, 2438} \[ \int \frac {(e x)^{-1+2 n}}{a+b \sec \left (c+d x^n\right )} \, dx=\frac {b x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n} \operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,-\frac {a e^{i \left (d x^n+c\right )}}{b-\sqrt {b^2-a^2}}\right )}{a d^2 e n \sqrt {b^2-a^2}}-\frac {b x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n} \operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,-\frac {a e^{i \left (d x^n+c\right )}}{b+\sqrt {b^2-a^2}}\right )}{a d^2 e n \sqrt {b^2-a^2}}+\frac {i b x^{-n} (e x)^{2 n} \log \left (1+\frac {a e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{b-\sqrt {b^2-a^2}}\right )}{a d e n \sqrt {b^2-a^2}}-\frac {i b x^{-n} (e x)^{2 n} \log \left (1+\frac {a e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{\sqrt {b^2-a^2}+b}\right )}{a d e n \sqrt {b^2-a^2}}+\frac {(e x)^{2 n}}{2 a e n} \]
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Rule 2221
Rule 2296
Rule 2317
Rule 2438
Rule 3402
Rule 4276
Rule 4289
Rule 4293
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\left (x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n}\right ) \int \frac {x^{-1+2 n}}{a+b \sec \left (c+d x^n\right )} \, dx}{e} \\ & = \frac {\left (x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x}{a+b \sec (c+d x)} \, dx,x,x^n\right )}{e n} \\ & = \frac {\left (x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \left (\frac {x}{a}-\frac {b x}{a (b+a \cos (c+d x))}\right ) \, dx,x,x^n\right )}{e n} \\ & = \frac {(e x)^{2 n}}{2 a e n}-\frac {\left (b x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x}{b+a \cos (c+d x)} \, dx,x,x^n\right )}{a e n} \\ & = \frac {(e x)^{2 n}}{2 a e n}-\frac {\left (2 b x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {e^{i (c+d x)} x}{a+2 b e^{i (c+d x)}+a e^{2 i (c+d x)}} \, dx,x,x^n\right )}{a e n} \\ & = \frac {(e x)^{2 n}}{2 a e n}-\frac {\left (2 b x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {e^{i (c+d x)} x}{2 b-2 \sqrt {-a^2+b^2}+2 a e^{i (c+d x)}} \, dx,x,x^n\right )}{\sqrt {-a^2+b^2} e n}+\frac {\left (2 b x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {e^{i (c+d x)} x}{2 b+2 \sqrt {-a^2+b^2}+2 a e^{i (c+d x)}} \, dx,x,x^n\right )}{\sqrt {-a^2+b^2} e n} \\ & = \frac {(e x)^{2 n}}{2 a e n}+\frac {i b x^{-n} (e x)^{2 n} \log \left (1+\frac {a e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{b-\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d e n}-\frac {i b x^{-n} (e x)^{2 n} \log \left (1+\frac {a e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{b+\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d e n}-\frac {\left (i b x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \log \left (1+\frac {2 a e^{i (c+d x)}}{2 b-2 \sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right ) \, dx,x,x^n\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d e n}+\frac {\left (i b x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \log \left (1+\frac {2 a e^{i (c+d x)}}{2 b+2 \sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right ) \, dx,x,x^n\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d e n} \\ & = \frac {(e x)^{2 n}}{2 a e n}+\frac {i b x^{-n} (e x)^{2 n} \log \left (1+\frac {a e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{b-\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d e n}-\frac {i b x^{-n} (e x)^{2 n} \log \left (1+\frac {a e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{b+\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d e n}-\frac {\left (b x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\log \left (1+\frac {2 a x}{2 b-2 \sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{x} \, dx,x,e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d^2 e n}+\frac {\left (b x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\log \left (1+\frac {2 a x}{2 b+2 \sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{x} \, dx,x,e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d^2 e n} \\ & = \frac {(e x)^{2 n}}{2 a e n}+\frac {i b x^{-n} (e x)^{2 n} \log \left (1+\frac {a e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{b-\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d e n}-\frac {i b x^{-n} (e x)^{2 n} \log \left (1+\frac {a e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{b+\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d e n}+\frac {b x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n} \operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,-\frac {a e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{b-\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d^2 e n}-\frac {b x^{-2 n} (e x)^{2 n} \operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,-\frac {a e^{i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{b+\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{a \sqrt {-a^2+b^2} d^2 e n} \\ \end{align*}
Both result and optimal contain complex but leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(861\) vs. \(2(328)=656\).
Time = 2.36 (sec) , antiderivative size = 861, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.62 \[ \int \frac {(e x)^{-1+2 n}}{a+b \sec \left (c+d x^n\right )} \, dx=\frac {(e x)^{2 n} \left (b+a \cos \left (c+d x^n\right )\right ) \left (1-\frac {2 b x^{-2 n} \left (2 \left (c+d x^n\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {(a+b) \cot \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )}{\sqrt {a^2-b^2}}\right )-2 \left (c+\arccos \left (-\frac {b}{a}\right )\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {(a-b) \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )}{\sqrt {a^2-b^2}}\right )+\left (\arccos \left (-\frac {b}{a}\right )-2 i \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {(a+b) \cot \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )}{\sqrt {a^2-b^2}}\right )+2 i \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {(a-b) \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )}{\sqrt {a^2-b^2}}\right )\right ) \log \left (\frac {\sqrt {a^2-b^2} e^{-\frac {1}{2} i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a} \sqrt {b+a \cos \left (c+d x^n\right )}}\right )+\left (\arccos \left (-\frac {b}{a}\right )+2 i \left (\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {(a+b) \cot \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )}{\sqrt {a^2-b^2}}\right )-\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {(a-b) \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )}{\sqrt {a^2-b^2}}\right )\right )\right ) \log \left (\frac {\sqrt {a^2-b^2} e^{\frac {1}{2} i \left (c+d x^n\right )}}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a} \sqrt {b+a \cos \left (c+d x^n\right )}}\right )-\left (\arccos \left (-\frac {b}{a}\right )-2 i \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {(a-b) \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )}{\sqrt {a^2-b^2}}\right )\right ) \log \left (\frac {(a+b) \left (a-b-i \sqrt {a^2-b^2}\right ) \left (1+i \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )\right )}{a \left (a+b+\sqrt {a^2-b^2} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )\right )}\right )-\left (\arccos \left (-\frac {b}{a}\right )+2 i \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {(a-b) \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )}{\sqrt {a^2-b^2}}\right )\right ) \log \left (\frac {(a+b) \left (-i a+i b+\sqrt {a^2-b^2}\right ) \left (i+\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )\right )}{a \left (a+b+\sqrt {a^2-b^2} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )\right )}\right )+i \left (\operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,\frac {\left (b-i \sqrt {a^2-b^2}\right ) \left (a+b-\sqrt {a^2-b^2} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )\right )}{a \left (a+b+\sqrt {a^2-b^2} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )\right )}\right )-\operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,\frac {\left (b+i \sqrt {a^2-b^2}\right ) \left (a+b-\sqrt {a^2-b^2} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )\right )}{a \left (a+b+\sqrt {a^2-b^2} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )\right )}\right )\right )\right )}{\sqrt {a^2-b^2} d^2}\right ) \sec \left (c+d x^n\right )}{2 a e n \left (a+b \sec \left (c+d x^n\right )\right )} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 4.
Time = 0.66 (sec) , antiderivative size = 752, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.29
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {x \,{\mathrm e}^{\frac {\left (2 n -1\right ) \left (-i \pi \,\operatorname {csgn}\left (i e \right ) \operatorname {csgn}\left (i x \right ) \operatorname {csgn}\left (i e x \right )+i \pi \,\operatorname {csgn}\left (i e \right ) \operatorname {csgn}\left (i e x \right )^{2}+i \pi \,\operatorname {csgn}\left (i x \right ) \operatorname {csgn}\left (i e x \right )^{2}-i \pi \operatorname {csgn}\left (i e x \right )^{3}+2 \ln \left (x \right )+2 \ln \left (e \right )\right )}{2}}}{2 a n}+\frac {\left (i x^{n} d \ln \left (\frac {a \,{\mathrm e}^{i \left (d \,x^{n}+2 c \right )}+{\mathrm e}^{i c} b +\sqrt {{\mathrm e}^{2 i c} b^{2}-a^{2} {\mathrm e}^{2 i c}}}{{\mathrm e}^{i c} b +\sqrt {{\mathrm e}^{2 i c} b^{2}-a^{2} {\mathrm e}^{2 i c}}}\right )-i x^{n} d \ln \left (\frac {a \,{\mathrm e}^{i \left (d \,x^{n}+2 c \right )}+{\mathrm e}^{i c} b -\sqrt {{\mathrm e}^{2 i c} b^{2}-a^{2} {\mathrm e}^{2 i c}}}{{\mathrm e}^{i c} b -\sqrt {{\mathrm e}^{2 i c} b^{2}-a^{2} {\mathrm e}^{2 i c}}}\right )-\operatorname {dilog}\left (\frac {a \,{\mathrm e}^{i \left (d \,x^{n}+2 c \right )}}{{\mathrm e}^{i c} b -\sqrt {{\mathrm e}^{2 i c} b^{2}-a^{2} {\mathrm e}^{2 i c}}}+\frac {{\mathrm e}^{i c} b}{{\mathrm e}^{i c} b -\sqrt {{\mathrm e}^{2 i c} b^{2}-a^{2} {\mathrm e}^{2 i c}}}-\frac {\sqrt {{\mathrm e}^{2 i c} b^{2}-a^{2} {\mathrm e}^{2 i c}}}{{\mathrm e}^{i c} b -\sqrt {{\mathrm e}^{2 i c} b^{2}-a^{2} {\mathrm e}^{2 i c}}}\right )+\operatorname {dilog}\left (\frac {a \,{\mathrm e}^{i \left (d \,x^{n}+2 c \right )}}{{\mathrm e}^{i c} b +\sqrt {{\mathrm e}^{2 i c} b^{2}-a^{2} {\mathrm e}^{2 i c}}}+\frac {{\mathrm e}^{i c} b}{{\mathrm e}^{i c} b +\sqrt {{\mathrm e}^{2 i c} b^{2}-a^{2} {\mathrm e}^{2 i c}}}+\frac {\sqrt {{\mathrm e}^{2 i c} b^{2}-a^{2} {\mathrm e}^{2 i c}}}{{\mathrm e}^{i c} b +\sqrt {{\mathrm e}^{2 i c} b^{2}-a^{2} {\mathrm e}^{2 i c}}}\right )\right ) \sqrt {{\mathrm e}^{2 i c} b^{2}-a^{2} {\mathrm e}^{2 i c}}\, e^{2 n} b \,{\mathrm e}^{-\frac {i \left (2 \pi n \,\operatorname {csgn}\left (i e \right ) \operatorname {csgn}\left (i x \right ) \operatorname {csgn}\left (i e x \right )-2 \pi n \,\operatorname {csgn}\left (i e \right ) \operatorname {csgn}\left (i e x \right )^{2}-2 \pi n \,\operatorname {csgn}\left (i x \right ) \operatorname {csgn}\left (i e x \right )^{2}+2 \pi n \operatorname {csgn}\left (i e x \right )^{3}-\pi \,\operatorname {csgn}\left (i e \right ) \operatorname {csgn}\left (i x \right ) \operatorname {csgn}\left (i e x \right )+\pi \,\operatorname {csgn}\left (i e \right ) \operatorname {csgn}\left (i e x \right )^{2}+\pi \,\operatorname {csgn}\left (i x \right ) \operatorname {csgn}\left (i e x \right )^{2}-\pi \operatorname {csgn}\left (i e x \right )^{3}+2 c \right )}{2}}}{\left (a^{2}-b^{2}\right ) d^{2} n e a}\) | \(752\) |
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Both result and optimal contain complex but leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 1268 vs. \(2 (300) = 600\).
Time = 0.53 (sec) , antiderivative size = 1268, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.87 \[ \int \frac {(e x)^{-1+2 n}}{a+b \sec \left (c+d x^n\right )} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
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\[ \int \frac {(e x)^{-1+2 n}}{a+b \sec \left (c+d x^n\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {\left (e x\right )^{2 n - 1}}{a + b \sec {\left (c + d x^{n} \right )}}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {(e x)^{-1+2 n}}{a+b \sec \left (c+d x^n\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {\left (e x\right )^{2 \, n - 1}}{b \sec \left (d x^{n} + c\right ) + a} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \frac {(e x)^{-1+2 n}}{a+b \sec \left (c+d x^n\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {\left (e x\right )^{2 \, n - 1}}{b \sec \left (d x^{n} + c\right ) + a} \,d x } \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {(e x)^{-1+2 n}}{a+b \sec \left (c+d x^n\right )} \, dx=\int \frac {{\left (e\,x\right )}^{2\,n-1}}{a+\frac {b}{\cos \left (c+d\,x^n\right )}} \,d x \]
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